i and na adjectives

Paolo-xy6b

Paolo-xy6b

Just like in English, we can describe things in Japanese by placing an adjective before them. Japanese has two types of adjectives: i adjectives and na adjectives.

Without getting into too much detail, an i adjective ends in the character i, and a na adjective usually ends in a character other than i.

The adjective atatakai “warm” ends in an i character and is an i adjective. i adjectives are nice and simple to use: just add them right before a noun to describe whatever it is you’re talking about.

While we’re on the subject of describing things, let’s take a look at how to describe things with na adjectives too. For na adjectives, we need to add the character na before the noun we want to describe.

The word suki “like” is a na adjective, so to say “like drink” or, more naturally, “the drink (I) like,” you can say suki na nomimono.

 

The lesson says na adjectives usually don't end in i, but the example used is suki. So what makes suki a na adjective instead of i? What makes any word ending in i a na adjective? And can you give some examples of na adjectives that don't end in i?

Emma-Rocket-Languages-Tutor

Emma-Rocket-Languages-Tutor

こんにちは (Konnichiwa) Paolo-xy6b,

 

Thanks for your question! 
 

To clarify, (i) adjectives will always end in the character (i). This means that the character (i) will always appear at the end of the word written in hiragana. For example:

 

美味しい (oishī) “delicious”

楽しい (tanoshī) “fun”

難しい (muzukashī) “difficult”

 

As you can see, all of the above adjectives end in the hiragana character (i) on its own, making them (i) adjectives. 

 

(Na) adjectives, on the other hand, will always end in a character other than (i). For example:

 

下手 (heta) “bad at”

静か (shizuka) “quiet”

親切 (shinsetsu) “kind”

簡単 (kantan) “simple”

大変 (taihen) “awful”

 

(Na) adjectives may, however, sometimes end in an (i) sound. For these adjectives, specifically, you can look to the written Japanese to help distinguish whether an adjective is an (i) or (na) adjective. Take the following (na) adjectives for example:

綺麗 (kirei) “pretty / clean”
有名 (yumei) “famous”
元気 (genki) “lively”

好き (suki) “like”

便利 (benri) “convenient”

 

Although these words end in an (i) sound, they do not end with the hiragana character (i). Instead, the (i) sound is part of the kanji or other characters:

 

綺麗 (kirei) “pretty / clean” ends in 麗 = れい (rei)
有名 (yumei) “famous” ends in 名 = めい (mei)
元気 (genki) “lively” ends in = (ki)

好き (suki) “like” ends in (ki)

便利 (benri) “convenient” ends in = (ri)

 

If the (i) character is not written on its own at the end of the word, you can assume the adjective is a (na) adjective. In the case of 好き (suki) “like," the (i) sound is included in the (ki) character, rather than on its own, making this a (na) adjective. 

 

There are an overwhelming amount more (i) adjective than there are (na) adjectives, so if you're ever unsure, assuming an adjective is an (i) adjective is a pretty safe bet!

 

I hope this helped! 

勉強を頑張ってください! (Benkyō o ganbatte kudasai!)

Paolo-xy6b

Paolo-xy6b

I understand now, thank you..

ClaudiaR27

ClaudiaR27

This is an excellent answer nd makes things clear.  Thanks.

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