Bending of verbs

Hello! I have two questions I'd like to address:
NUMERO UNO
"Porque tenemos que llegar al aeropuerto a las seis". Why is it llegar and not llegamos in this sentence?
"Dónde está la puerta de salida". Why salida in this one?

http://www.spanishdict.com/conjugate/salir
"salida" is nowhere to be found here. Same with llegar when I search that one. What am I missing?

NUMERO DOS:
From what I can understand, Vosotros is not used throughout South America. Instead 'ustedes' is used.  Does it use the bendings of the spanish 'vosotros'? 
Are there any way to make the course exclude 'Vosotros'?
In advance, thanks for your help!

Hola,

Tener que + infinitive is to have to. Tengo que ir a la tienda: I Have to go to the store. "Salida" is a noun that means exit. The course is geared towards Latin American Spanish  but you can check out LightSpeed Spanish which deals with Spanish as spoken in Spain. I think in parts of Colombia and elsewhere "vos' is used.

Saludos,
Ricardo



 

Hello @jonasvestergaard, here is my understanding...
There is a way in Spanish to say that one "has to" do something. The structure of this is: (conjugated form of tener) + que + verb ( in other words, that which one "has to" do)
Hence, the part of the phrase "tenemos que llegar" means, "we have to arrive," or, in this case, they have to be at the airport at six. If "llegamos" was placed in the spot "llegar" holds, the translation would be: "Because we have to we arrive at the airport at six." This is confusing at first because you could easily say, "Porque llegamos al aeropuerto a las sies," which means, "Because we arrive at the airport at six." This will get the message across, but the speaker is adding a tad of urgency to this bit of the conversation and it sounds more pressing to say something like "we have to (tenemos que...), we ought to (debemos que...), or we need to (necesitamos que...)."

For the second part, I would say puerta de salida basically means "exit door" since salir  is the verb for "to leave." Direct translation would yield "door of departure" or something to that effect. So in this case, "salida" isn't a conjugation of salir, but a word used a lot like "safety" would be used in the phrase "safety exit" (which, by the way, "safety" in Spanish is seguridad).

The vosotros form is used in Spain all the time as the plural form of "you," although it isn't used in Central America. Thus, it is put in the course for memorization because a lot of individuals learning Spanish will travel not just to the South American countries but to Spain as well. I've never thought that learning the extra conjugations for vosotros was any fun, but I've just accepted it as a necessary evil if I expect to be fluent in both the Americas as well as overseas.

I hope this helps:)!!
Laura
 

Haha you beat me to it Ricardo:)!

Hola Laura,

¡ Hace mucho tiempo que no te veo!  Espero que estés bien. Good explanation. Regarding "vosotros" I miss read the question, I thought Jonasvestergaard  was asking to include the vosotros. I see it's " exclude" which is the case already. ¿Sí? Most, if not all the books I've read are translated from English into  Spanish as used in Spain and  the vosotros is a challenge. I try to switch between that and how it would be said in Latin America and substitute tomar or agarrar in place of the frequently used verb to be avoided in many places.

Saludos,
Ricardo


 

The first question has been answered quite well.  As for the second question... No the course can not be altered to exclude vosotros.

You guys are amazing. very clear and understandable answers.
Thanks for taking the time!

Ow yeah, one clarification: Does 'ustedes' just take the place of 'vosotros'. Same conjugations and everything? Or does it carry the conjugation from the 3rd person plural?

Hola Jonasvestergaard,

Ustedes is the third person plural  in latin America both formal and familiar, formal third person  in Spain. Ustedes" hablan" as opposed to habláis, the vosotros conjugation. There is a great book titled: The Big Red Book Of Spanish verbs. I recommend it highly and have found it indispensable.

Saludos,
Ricardo
 

"Qué actividades quiere hacer?"
If you could explain why it is 'quiere' and not 'quieres', as it is 2nd person singular that is getting addressed, I'D BE A VERY HAPPY BOY!!

Hola Jonas,
I hope it's okay to have shortened your name. I'm taking a guess that this being asked by Amy as the travel agent or something like that. It's been several years since I've done the lessons. If that's the case the question is being asked using the second person formal as she and the client aren't on familiar terms. Hope this helps.

Saludos,
Ricardo
 

Yes, as Ricardo says, it's in the 2nd person formal (usted).  Remember that in the beginning of the conversation Amy asks, "¿Cómo está usted?"  Throughout the conversation she uses the formal as is noted by "le puedo" and "le gustaría" both of which use the formal "le" rather than "te." She also uses "sus" in place of "tus" along with other 2nd person formal conjugations of verbs.

​The formal/informal is one of the more confusing things for English speakers when first starting out.  However, it's usually quickly learned so keep studying.

Hi Ricardo, thanks. I hope you have been doing well also this holiday season!
jonasvestergaard, I appreciate it when people ask questions I know how to answer; it's been a long time ;). So thank you! You obviously have a lot of enthusiasm in jumping into Spanish--the trick is to keep that up and you will be fluent in no time! Good luck!

Thanks again, dear saviours! 
Yeah I'm very dedicated to learning spanish at the moment, as I'm leaving to Chile for work for four months this friday, and having something like a foundation is very valuable, so I can practice properly through conversations when I'm there - and don't just end up speaking solely english, and never learn.
Have a great new year!

What a great opportunity--that's great to hear! I'm sure you will find Spanish to be quite rewarding. A great New Year to you as well ;).