Spanish Accents

Resources for further reading:

• Pronouncing the Spanish alphabet is one of the key building blocks to Spanish fluency!
• Trying to pronounce some Spanish consonants can pose problems for English speakers. Let's give it a go!

Spanish accent marks look like this:

á é í ó ú

Pay attention to accent marks! Two words might be spelled exactly the same, but the presence of an accent mark can completely change their meaning.

For example, esta means “this” while está means “is.” Llamo means “I call” while llamó means “He, she, or you called.” Accent marks are also used to distinguish how a word is used: for example, dónde and donde both mean “where,” but the first is used to ask a question while the second is used in statements. So no matter what you do, don’t forget the accent!

It’s important to know that all words in Spanish have an accent. The accent is the intensity of the voice to emphasize a syllable over the others. Some words carry a “tilde”, identifying the orthographic accent. All words have accents but not all have an orthographic accent.

Spanish accent rules

There are rules to determine in which syllable there would be an orthographic accent (tilde). There are four different types of words that determine accentuation:

1. Agudas – Oxytone or last syllable stress
2. Graves – Paroxytone or second-to-last syllable stress
3. Esdrújulas – Proparoxytone or third-to-last syllable stress
4. Sobresdrújulas – Preproparoxytone or fourth-to-last syllable stress

1. Spanish accents: Agudas

These are the words that carry the accent on the last syllable. It is important to mention that not all these words have an orthographic accent.

• They carry the orthographic accent if they end in a vowel:

Other examples include; Rubí, Bebé and Maní

• You would also add the orthographic accent if they end in “N” or “S”:

Other examples include; Según, Sillón, Votación, Organización, and Capitán There are last-syllable-stress words that carry a “tilde”, despite NOT ending in N, S or a vowel; this is due to the rupture of the diphthong:

• Baúl
• Maíz
• Raíz
• Raúl

These are some examples for last-syllable-stress words WITHOUT an orthographic accent:

• Amor
• Cantidad
• Papel
• Reloj
• Capaz
• Pared
• Estoy
• Virtud
• Fatal
• Contador

2. Spanish accents: Graves

These are the words that carry the accent on the second-to-last syllable. It should be noted that not all the second-to-last-syllable words carry an orthographic accent (tilde).

• Second-to-last syllable words are orthographically accentuated when they end in any consonant except "N", "S" or a Vowel.

Here are some examples:

Other examples include; Cóndor, Túnel, Lápiz, Césped, Dócil, and Mártir

• And these are some examples without the orthographic accent:

Other examples include; Adulto, Busca, Cisne, Tasa, and Crimen

• Second-to-last syllable words and diphthong IA

There are second-to-last syllable words that are accentuated despite finishing in a vowel, thereby breaking the diphthong (ia):

Other examples include; María, Antropología, and Oftalmología

3. Spanish Accents: Esdrújulas

These are the words that carry the accent on the third-to-last syllable. It’s important to note that in this case all the words carry the orthographic accent (tilde); always.

Examples of proparoxytones:

Other examples include; América, Tarántula, Sílaba, Máquina, Lágrima, Brújula, Gráfico, and Oxígeno

4. Spanish Accents: Sobresdrújulas

These are the words that carry the accent on the fourth-to-last syllable. They all carry an orthographic accent.

These words are generally verbs that are linked to direct or indirect complements and adverbs.

Examples of fourth-to-last syllable words:

Other examples include; Ultimamente, Devuélveselo, Éticamente, Róbaselo, Explícaselo, Juégatela, Rústicamente, Véndemelo, Repíteselo, Súbitamente, Ágilmente, Pacíficamente, and Cálidamente.

Can’t get enough of Spanish? Here are some more free Spanish lessons to boost your Spanish:

• A great way to expand your Spanish vocabulary is to learn to describe peoples characteristics in Spanish.
• Knowing how to give and receive directions in Spanish is probably one of the most valuable things when traveling around. Learn how to here!
• Knowing the names of different drinks in Spanish will be important when going out in a Spanish-speaking country!

Mauricio Evlampieff: Rocket Spanish